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Compare Spratly Islands (2005) - Niue (2006)

Compare Spratly Islands (2005) z Niue (2006)

 Spratly Islands (2005)Niue (2006)
 Spratly IslandsNiue
Administrative divisions - none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order
Age structure - 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products - coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Airports 3 (2004 est.) 1 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative NA 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim. Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,166 in 2006), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population
Budget - revenues: $15.07 million


expenditures: $16.33 million; including capital expenditures of $123,700
Capital - name: Alofi


geographic coordinates: 19 01 S, 169 55 W


time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Coastline 926 km 64 km
Constitution - 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external - $418,000 (2002 est.)
Dependency status - self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratlys none
Economic aid - recipient - $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored; there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of emigration to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although the International Banking Repeal Act of 2002 resulted in the termination of all offshore banking licenses. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about US$2 million. Niue suffered a devastating typhoon in January 2004, which decimated nascent economic programs. While in the process of rebuilding, Niue has been dependent on foreign aid.
Electricity - consumption - 2.79 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production - 3 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Environment - current issues NA increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Niuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%, Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census)
Exchange rates - New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001)
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 12 May 2005 (next to be held May 2008)


election results: Young VIVIAN reelected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 85%, O'Love JACOBSEN (independent) 15%
Exports - NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities - canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Exports - partners - New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2004)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 23.5%


industry: 26.9%


services: 49.5% (2003)
GDP - real growth rate - 6.2%
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 19 02 S, 169 52 W
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs one of world's largest coral islands
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities - food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Imports - partners - New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2004)
Independence - on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Infant mortality rate - total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 4% (2005)
International organization participation - ACP, FAO, IFAD, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA
Judicial branch - Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Labor force - NA 663
Labor force - by occupation - note: most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)		 arable land: 11.54%


permanent crops: 15.38%


other: 73.08% (2005)
Languages - Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Legal system - English common law; note - Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; 6 elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 30 April 2005 (next to be held April 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Life expectancy at birth - total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA


female: NA
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims NA territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
National holiday - Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality - noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
Natural hazards typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals typhoons
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential fish, arable land
Net migration rate - NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders - Alliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (2004)		 2,166 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.01% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only -
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 61.1%, Latter-Day Saints 8.8%, Roman Catholic 7.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.4%, unspecified 8.7%, none 1.9% (2001 census)
Sex ratio - NA
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: country code - 683
Telephones - main lines in use - 1,100 est (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 400 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (1997)
Terrain flat steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Total fertility rate - NA
Unemployment rate - 12% NA%
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